On the vessels of the APL China class, HDW used a system which circulates air in the hold and cools it using sea-water cooled return air coolers. This system requires similar quantities of air as when using fresh air cooling only, since with a sea water temperature of 32°C it is barely possible to achieve a supply air temperature lower than 35°C. The only real advantage of a system of this nature is that it is possible to avoid the large openings in the deck that would otherwise be required to allow the passage of air to and from the hold.
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